The book contains theoretical materials regarding all parts of chemistry course, as well as 1500 examination tasks, questions and exercises accompanied by their detailed analysis and answers. The tasks vary in difficulty level - from basic to most advanced.
The book is intended for high school students, chemistry teachers, and pretenders.
The reference book describes the main problems in general, inorganic, and organic chemistry within the school curriculum according to the educational standards of the last generation.
The book is intended for a wide range of readers. It is useful for students of 8–11 grades of comprehensive school, students of special chemistry classes, university applicants, chemistry teachers, junior students of non-chemical insti tutes, and anyone who is interested in the subject.
The manual contains a detailed index and the appendix where the most important reference data are shown.
This manual differs from most publications intended for applicants in that the largest domestic university - Moscow State University named after M.V.Lomonosov - presents all the variants of examination tasks in chemistry offered at the entrance exams at all faculties of Moscow State University over the past three years. For each option, detailed solutions of tasks or answers and instructions to the solution are provided.
The manual is intended for applicants entering universities for chemical, medical and biological specialties, as well as for high school students and chemistry teachers.
The manual is devoted to the description of a variety of techniques and successful experience in organizing nature research with children in kindergartens, summer camps, in a specialized environmental laboratory, at educational holidays and science festivals. A special section is devoted to family activities in which both children and their parents are involved in research activities.
For a wide range of readers: teachers, volunteers working with children, parents.
Globalization of science does not only strengthen the competition, but also gives a range of opportunities for both investors and researchers. In particular, every researcher can easily gain an access to all promising layouts, publications, projects, grants; co-authors and publishing partners in the field of interest; create and promote own international brand or optimize data search process and publication writing process. Many of these opportunities are free for researcher with Google Scholar or Russian data base for researchers and their works – ISTINA. All mentioned options are available simultaneously with Thomson Reuters' products: Web of Knowledge, EndNote Web, Researcher ID. The aim of this manual is to introduce the above mentioned technological solutions to the target audience – researchers and scientists. Ultimate goal is to adapt most recent international and Russian research platforms, data and reference bases for day-to-day work of researchers' community.
This book is written as a guidance for literature teachers and senior high school pupils of gymnasiums and lyceums majoring in humanities to help them preparing for compositions on masterpieces of the Russian literature. These are namely Eugene Onegin by Alexander Pushkin; Mikhail Lermontov’s poem Death of the Poet and his novel A Hero of Our Time; Ivan Turgenev’s short novel Asya and his novel Fathers and Sons', Ivan Goncharov’s Oblomov, What Is to Be Done? by Nikolai Chernyshevsky; Poor Folk and main novels by Fyodor Dostoyevsky; Nikolai Nekrasov’s poem Poet and Citizen and finally the Russian novel itself in its national and authentic form, and certain novels of such contemporary heritors of the literary classic of the XIX century as Vasily Belov and Alexander Potemkin.
The book is intended for the teachers of secondary schools, gymnasiums and lyceums, school leavers, students and lecturers at the Departments of Philology as well as everyone who admires Russian literary classic and values it.
The states of the Balkans and the Black Sea region minted different coins and had different traditions in maintaining the currency system. The comparative study of these coins was necessary to demonstrate that changes affecting the currencies were determined by the genesis of the worldwide economic system and have appeared because the medieval financial approaches were universal. One thing was common for those dissimilar currencies: specie existed for the use of the authorities and of the subjects concurrently. Published and unpublished documents together with quantitative data obtained during the numismatic analysis allowed to find and to describe dates and circumstances of dozens reforms in the Byzantine and Tartar states, to reconstruct the ideology of medieval financiers. The first and the second gave us also names of the coins, their parameters, values, rates and cross-rates, different characteristics of the monetary fund as a whole. They were calculated with the use of original methods developed for the numismatic study based on the probability theory and reflecting the statistical nature of the numismatic material. The results accumulated in this book are not merely the description of the evolution of the financial systems in the region, they are the tool necessary for the research of the economic history of the Levant in the Middle Ages.